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Dental pain, loose teeth, lesions and ulcers, and the failure of tooth extractions to heal were some of these conditions. Many of the workers became sick it is unknown how many died from exposure to radiation.Īmong the first to see numerous problems among dial painters were dentists.
Because the true nature of the radium had been kept from them, the Radium Girls painted their nails, teeth, and faces for fun with the deadly paint produced at the factory. Radium supervisors encouraged their workers to point the brushes with their lips ("lip, dip, paint"), or use their tongues to keep them sharp. The brushes would lose shape after a few strokes, so the U.S. The then-current rate of pay, for painting 250 dials a day, was about a penny and a half per dial (equivalent to $0.303 in 2020). and Canada to paint watch faces with radium.Īt USRC, each of the painters mixed her own paint in a small crucible, and then used camel hair brushes to apply the glowing paint onto dials. Īn estimated 4,000 workers were hired by corporations in the U.S. Harrison Martland, County Physician of Newark. The similar circumstances of their deaths prompted investigations to be undertaken by Dr. In spite of this knowledge, a number of similar deaths had occurred by 1925, including the company's chief chemist, Dr. Radium had distributed literature to the medical community describing the "injurious effects" of radium. Radium Corporation hired approximately 70 women to perform various tasks including handling radium, while the owners and the scientists familiar with the effects of radium carefully avoided any exposure to it themselves chemists at the plant used lead screens, masks and tongs. Their plant in Orange, New Jersey, employed as many as three hundred workers, mainly women, to paint radium-lit watch faces and instruments, misleading them that it was safe. Radium was a major supplier of radioluminescent watches to the military. The ore was mined from the Paradox Valley in Colorado and other "Undark mines" in Utah. Radium Corporation, originally called the Radium Luminous Material Corporation, was engaged in the extraction and purification of radium from carnotite ore to produce luminous paints, which were marketed under the brand name " Undark". Five women in Illinois who were employees of the Radium Dial Company (which was unaffiliated with the United States Radium Corporation) sued their employer under Illinois law, winning damages in 1938. The women were instructed to point their brushes in this way because using rags or a water rinse caused them to use more time and material, as the paint was made from powdered radium, gum arabic and water.įive of the women in New Jersey challenged their employer in a case over the right of individual workers who contract occupational diseases to sue their employers under New Jersey's occupational injuries law, which at the time had a two-year statute of limitations, but settled out of court in 1928. The painting was done by women at three different factories, and the term now applies to the women working at the facilities: one in Orange, New Jersey, beginning around 1917 one in Ottawa, Illinois, beginning in the early 1920s and a third facility in Waterbury, Connecticut, also in the 1920s.Īfter being told that the paint was harmless, the women in each facility ingested deadly amounts of radium after being instructed to "point" their brushes on their lips in order to give them a fine tip some also painted their fingernails, face and teeth with the glowing substance.
A heartfelt examination of Will and Tom’s relationship is the centerpiece of this less-vicious entry in Granik’s portfolio, and it’s a dynamic perfectly buttressed by Foster and McKenzie’s rich performances.The Radium Girls were female factory workers who contracted radiation poisoning from painting watch dials with self-luminous paint.
As Tom sees shades of a hopeful, less challenging future before her, Will personally finds the acclimation to be difficult, particularly in the wake of his military past that has riddled him with PTSD symptoms. As the two are sleeping in tents and preparing whatever they can find in nature for meals, Portland park authorities discover their hideout and force the family to reintegrate with the civilized world. Continuing her tradition of devastating familial hardships brought to light in her previous films Down to the Bone and Winter’s Bone, Leave No Trace stars Ben Foster and Thomasin McKenzie as Will and Tom, a father-daughter duo living on the fringes of society in the woods of the Pacific Northwest. Writer-director Debra Granik is renowned for her grim, gut-punching dramas.